Essay on Counselling Interview Skills Ass. 1 - 1235 Words

[Type the company name] | DIPLOMA OF COUNSELLING CHC51712| CHC8D02V Counselling Interview Skills | Assignment 1 | | | 2/20/2013 | | 1 | Three key components involved in the communication process are context, participants and rules. | | Context:All communication takes place within context. It is recognized that there are four major factors influencing context. 1) Physical – where is the communication occurring ie. What location 2) Social-psychological – what rules are applicable to this encounter? Different rules exist for workplace, home, friends and/or acquaintances 3) Temporal – timing; is now the best time to raise or discuss an issue or concern? 4) Cultural; different cultures†¦show more content†¦| | Supportiveness:Essential to a beneficial relationship is the feeling that your counselor supports what you say and will not be judgmental, derogatory nor make fun of your divulges. From support builds trust and this si essential if the relationship is to continue and be of benefit to the client. | | Confidence:A confident counselor in thoughts, actions and words will instil l confidence in the client that this person, their counselor, knows what they are on about, cares about them and will be able to provide some assistance. | 3 | Not every encounter between counselor and client will run smoothly from start to finish. Barriers to effective communication can include – 1) Use of language; being mindful not to use negative, derogatory or judgmental language nor indulge in the use of jargon when with a client; 2) The environment; poor location choice due to noise, interruptions from others, too hot or too cold can all impact on a successful meeting; and 3) Time, timing; when feeling rushed people may be less inclined to get into their discussion in any detail as they may feel they would not have time to finish. | 4 | Time amp; TimingIt is imperative that when you conduct a counselling session that you devote your full attention to the client with you. If you are pre occupied with other thoughts eg. thinking about your next or last appointment; concerned that your last appointmentShow MoreRelatedRecruitment and selection process of the fast food industry5355 Words   |  22 Pageswhich organizat ion recruit people for their business has changed into a different level. The practise of human resource management in recruiting people has made a significant changed in the food industry across Greater London. People s food habit and ass well as recreational activities has also changed. And for changing those activities fast food played a very vital role in society. The competition among the competitors become intense as this is a very profit oriented business. As the competition getsRead MoreTrial by Fire16438 Words   |  66 PagesWillingham’s motive, and she pressed him on the matter. In response, he wrote, of the death of his children, â€Å"I do not talk about it much anymore and it is still a very powerfully emotional pain inside my being.† He admitted that he had been a â€Å"sorry-ass husband† who had hit Stacy—something he deeply regretted. But he said that he had loved his children and would never have hurt them. Fatherhood, he said, had chan ged him; he stopped being a hoodlum and â€Å"settled down† and â€Å"became a man.† Nearly threeRead MoreTrial by Fire16445 Words   |  66 PagesWillingham’s motive, and she pressed him on the matter. In response, he wrote, of the death of his children, â€Å"I do not talk about it much anymore and it is still a very powerfully emotional pain inside my being.† He admitted that he had been a â€Å"sorry-ass husband† who had hit Stacy—something he deeply regretted. But he said that he had loved his children and would never have hurt them. Fatherhood, he said, had changed him; he stopped being a hoodlum and â€Å"settled down† and â€Å"became a man.† Nearly threeRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages978-0-273-68774-0 ISBN-10: 0-273-68774-3 1. Organizational sociology. I. Duberley, Joanne. II. Johnson, Phil, 1955III. Title. HM786.M33 2007 302.3’5—dc22 2006022347 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 10 09 08 07 06 Typeset in 10/12.5 pt sabon by 72 Printed by Ashford Colour Press Ltd., Gosport The publisher’s policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests. . Brief Contents Preface List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements xiii xvii xix xx 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Introducing organization

Critique of Actors in Charles Griffiths Little Shop of...

Critique of Actors in Charles Griffiths Little Shop of Horrors Little Shop Horrors is a story about a man who finds an unusual plant in a Chinese market. The man, Seymour nurses the Venus flytrap like plant to full health by his blood. The plant wins him everything he could want, respect, love and money. All to be lost in unity at the end. The main plot of little shop of Horrors revolves around Seymour. Seymours ambition of Audrey to become his girlfriend. Seymour also wants respect from his boss and he also wants to make a little money. The play Little Shop of Horrors was written by Charles Griffith, the lyrics were created by Robert Billig, the music was composed by Robby Merkin, and the play was directed by marsha m. morgan.†¦show more content†¦The volume of Seymours voice was loud and projected somewhat far. The pitch was high and squeaky. The overall quality of the voice was by far not the best. He is someone with whom you could only speak with for a short amount of time. Seymour would pause occasionally taking short breat hs only to continue with more choppy sentences. When Seymour defends Audrey against Orin Scrivello DDS in the dentist office his voice was on the fritz. When the drill was turned on Seymour squirmed in his chair and his voice was louder and higher pitched than the drill. The inflection of his voice was very drastic it would be somewhat loud and than soft again. Overall the vocal quality was quite detailed and portrayed Seymour in a realistic perspective. Miles did a good job of slipping into the role of Seymour. The character is an uptight person that has a lot of psychological and emotional problems. I believed in Seymour for who he was. The only way to fool an audience is to erase suspicion from their mind. For instance if the audience is suspect that you are acting than believability is already lost. I was able to pick up very small clues Miles used to evoke the character of Seymour. Miles would play with his glasses like Seymour would. He would also scratch his face and squint his eyes. This is what I would think Seymour would do subconcisouly. The reactions of Seymour were understandable. When Audrey II wanted to be feed for the first time Seymour was

A Successful Teacher free essay sample

Teaching is a special calling. It is not a job well – suited to everyone. Teaching is still more of an art than a science. So teachers should be artists in this domain. Teaching should provide an opportunity for students to develop a strong sense of creativity, a high self-esteem a life- long respect for learning. A teacher will be one factor that helps a student learn and progress along their way through life. Many individuals believe that being a teacher is an easy task. Our society believes that any person can become a teacher, but experience has shown that not everyone is capable of being a teacher. There are many personality traits that are required to be an effective teacher. â€Å"How to be a successful teacher? † It is an important question that we can answer by infinite words and endless sentences. However, here are some top keys for being a successful and ideal teacher. We will write a custom essay sample on A Successful Teacher or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Every teacher can benefit from focusing on these important qualities. Success in teaching, as in most areas of life depends almost entirely on your attitude and on your approach. 1- Sense of Humor : A sense of humor can help you become a successful teacher. Your sense of humor can relieve tense classroom situations before they become disruptions. A sense of humor will also make the class more enjoyable for your students and possibly make students look forward to attending and paying attention Most importantly, a sense of humor will allow you to see the joy in life and make you a happier person as you progress through this sometimes stressful career. 2- A positive Attitude A positive attitude is a great asset in life. You will be thrown many curve balls in life and especially in the teaching profession. A positive attitude will help you cope with these in the best way. Your composure will ease your possible anger and will decrease the pressure that you may face. For example, you may find out the first day of school that you are teaching English 2 instead of English 1. This would not be an ideal situation, but a teacher with the right attitude would try to focus on getting through the first day without negatively impacting the students. 3- High Expectations : An effective teacher must have high expectations; you should strive to raise the bar for your students. If you expect less effort, you will receive less effort. You should work on an attitude that says that you know students can achieve to your level of expectations, thereby giving them a sense of confidence too. This is not to say that you should create unrealistic expectations. However, your expectations will be one of the key factors in helping learn and achieve. 4-Consistency: In order to create a positive learning environment, your students should know what to expect from you every day. You need to be consistent, this will create a safe learning environment for the students and they will be more likely to succeed. It is amazing that students can adapt to teachers throughout the day that range from strict to easy. However, they will dislike an environment in which the rules are constantly changing. 5. Fairness: Many people confuse fairness and consistency. A consistent teacher is the same person from day to day. A fair teacher treats students equally in the same situation. For example, students complain of unfairness when teachers treat one gender or group of students differently. Students pick up this so quickly, so be careful of being labeled unfair. . Flexibility: One of the tenets of teaching should be that everything is in a constant state of change. Interruptions and disruptions are the norm and very few days are typical. Therefore, a flexible attitude is important not only for your stress level, but also for your students who expect you to be in charge and take control of any situation. Finally, there are some points that every teacher should pay attention to in order to be an ideal teac her : 1- Never lose your temper, be self-contain. Do not let your students know your self-points. 3- Do not break the rules and the regulations. 4- Be patient. 5- Be unpredictable, do not be a stereo type teacher. 6- Variety and speed†¦. †Variety is the spice of life†. 7- Love your students and treat them kindly. 8- Be punctual in appointments. 9- Be tolerant. 10- Pay attention to the differences that may be found among the students. ( disparity in mental and understanding abilities ) . Whenever there is a will, there is a way†¦..

Eriksons Stages of Psychosocial Development free essay sample

Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood) Occurring in Young adulthood, we begin to share ourselves more intimately with others. We explore relationships leading toward longer term commitments with someone other than a family member. Successful completion can lead to comfortable relationships and a sense of commitment, safety, and care within a relationship. Avoiding intimacy, fearing commitment and relationships can lead to isolation, loneliness, and sometimes depression. Ego Development Outcome: Intimacy and Solidarity vs. Isolation Basic Strengths: Affiliation and Love In the initial stage of being an adult we seek one or more companions and love. As we try to find mutually satisfying relationships, primarily through marriage and friends, we generally also begin to start a family, though this age has been pushed back for many couples who today dont start their families until their late thirties. If negotiating this stage is successful, we can experience intimacy on a deep level. If were not successful, isolation and distance from others may occur. And when we dont find it easy to create satisfying relationships, our world can begin to shrink as, in defense, we can feel superior to others. Our significant relationships are with marital partners and friends. The second crisis, occurring between late adolescence and early adulthood, is called the crisis of intimacy versus isolation. This crisis represents the struggle to resolve the reciprocal nature of intimacy; i. e. , to achieve a mutual balance between giving love and support, and receiving love and support. Thus, youth must determine how to develop and to maintain close friendships outside the family, as well as how to achieve reciprocity in romantic relationships. Erikson believed that when youth successfully navigate this crisis they emerge with the ability to form honest, reciprocal relationships with others and have the capacity to bond with others to achieve common goals (e. g. , marriage). When youth fail to navigate this crisis successfully, they can become distant and self-contained; or conversely, they can become needy, dependent, and vulnerable. If youth do not resolve this crisis, their emotional development becomes stalled, and as a result, they will remain isolated and lonely without social supports. Identity Moratorium – the status in which the adolescent is currently in a crisis, exploring various commitments and is ready to make choices, but has not made a commitment to these choices yet. The third identity status is called moratorium. This identity status represents high degree of exploration but a low degree of commitment. At this status, youth are in the midst of an identity crisis which has prompted them to explore and experiment with different values, beliefs, and goals. However, they have not made any final decisions about which beliefs and values are most important to them, and which principles should guide their lives. Thus, they are not yet committed to a particular identity. They are keeping their options open. For example, Tim, 14, may suddenly begin to argue with his parents about going to the Sunday worship service at the Methodist Christian Church, even though he has attended this service with his family since childhood. Instead, he likes to spend his timing reading about all the different world religions and plans to visit several mosques, temples, and churches around the area to see what their worship services are like. Or, he may question the logic of religion altogether, and he may even wonder whether God exists at all. It is clear that Tim is not quite certain what he believes yet, but he is actively exploring and considering what values, principles, and beliefs he wants to live by. Identity Moratorium – adolescent has acquired vague or ill-formed ideological and occupational commitments; he/she is still undergoing the identity search (crisis). They are beginning to commit to an identity but are still developing it. Jerry Erikson emphasized the role of culture and society and the conflicts that can take place within the ego itself. Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development has eight distinct stages, each with two possible outcomes. According to the theory, successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and successful interactions with others. While failure to successfully complete a stage can result in a reduced ability to complete further stages, which can lead to a more unhealthy personality and sense of self. These stages, however, can be resolved successfully at a later time. Since adulthood covers a span of many years, Erikson divided the stages of adulthood into the experiences of young adults, middle aged adults and older adults. While the actual ages may vary considerably from one stage to another, the ages seem to be appropriate for the majority of people. Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood) During middle adulthood, we establish our careers, settle down within a relationship, begin our own families and develop a sense of being a part of the bigger picture. We give back to society through raising our children, being productive at work, and becoming involved in community activities and organizations. By failing to achieve these objectives, we become stagnant and feel unproductive. Ego Development Outcome: Generativity vs. Self absorption or Stagnation Basic Strengths: Production and Care Now work is most crucial. Erikson observed that middle-age is when we tend to be occupied with creative and meaningful work and with issues surrounding our family. Also, middle adulthood is when we can expect to be in charge, the role weve longer envied. The significant task is to perpetuate culture and transmit values of the culture through the family (taming the kids) and working to establish a stable environment. Strength comes through care of others and production of something that contributes to the betterment of society, which Erikson calls generativity, so when were in this stage we often fear inactivity and meaninglessness. As our children leave home, or our relationships or goals change, we may be faced with major life changes — the mid-life crisis — and struggle with finding new meanings and purposes. If we dont get through this stage successfully, we can become self-absorbed and stagnate. Significant relationships are within the workplace, the community and the family. Refining and extending Erik Erikson’s work, James Marcia came up with four Identity Statuses of psychological identity development. The main idea is that one’s sense of identity is determined largely by the choices and commitments made regarding certain personal and social traits. Based on Erik Erikson’s groundbreaking work on identity and psychosocial development in the 1960s, Canadian developmental psychologist James Marcia refined and extended Erikson’s model, primarily focusing on adolescent development. Addressing Erikson’s notion of identity crisis, Marcia posited that the adolescent stage consists neither of identity resolution nor identity confusion, but rather the degree to which one has explored and committed to an identity in a variety of life domains from vocation, religion, relational choices, gender roles, and so on. Marcia’s theory of identity achievement argues that two distinct parts form an adolescent’s identity: crisis (i. e. a time when one’s values and choices are being reevaluated) and commitment. He defined a crisis as a time of upheaval where old values or choices are being reexamined. The end outcome of a crisis leads to a commitment made to a certain role or value. James Marcia expanded on Eriksons work and divided the identity crisis into four states. These are not stages, but rather processes that adolescents go through. All adolescents will occupy one or more of these states, at least temporarily. But, because these are not stages, people do not progress from one step to the next in a fixed sequence, nor must everyone go through each and every state. Each state is determined by two factors: 1. Is the adolescent committed to an identity, and 2. Is the individual searching for their true identity? Identity Diffusion – the status in which the adolescent does not have a sense of having choices; he or she has not yet made (nor is attempting/willing to make) a commitment. The core idea is that one’s sense of identity is determined largely by the hoices and commitments made regarding certain personal and social traits. The work done in this paradigm considers how much one has made certain choices, and how much he or she displays a commitment to those choices. Identity involves the adoption of 1) a sexual orientation, 2) a set of values and ideals and 3) a vocational direction. A well-developed identity gives on a sense of one’s strengths, weaknesses, and individual uniqueness. A person with a less well-developed identity is not able to define his or her personal strengths and weaknesses, and does not have a well articulated sense of self. The first identity status, identity diffusion, describes youth who have neither explored nor committed to any particular identity. Thus, this identity status represents a low level of exploration and a low level of commitment. These adolescents havent considered their identity at all, and havent established any life goals. They are reactive, passively floating through life and dealing with each situation as it arises. Their primary motivation is hedonic; the avoidance of discomfort and the acquisition of pleasure. By way of illustration, consider the example of Tyler, who stumbled his way through high school and graduated last year (but just barely). Tyler still doesnt know what he wants to do with his life. In fact, he hasnt really given much thought at all to what hed like to accomplish. He hasnt applied to any colleges or technical schools. He still works part-time at the pizza shop; a job he started while in high school so that he could have a little extra spending money. He doesnt earn enough money to live on his own so he lives with his parents, but he doesnt pay them any rent or even pay for his own groceries. Nonetheless, he hasnt even considered applying for a better paying, full-time job. Whenever his frustrated mother asks, What are you doing with your life? he just mutters, I dunno. Tyler hasnt even considered this question, and has no goals or plans of any sort. Diffusion – the state of having no clear idea of ones identity and making no attempt to find that identity. These adolescents may have struggled to find their identity, but they never resolved it, and they seem to have stopped trying. There is no commitment and no searching. As mentioned, these four identity statuses describe points along a continuum moving from an initially diffuse, undefined individual identity to a highly specific and well-defined, individual sense of self. Inherent in Marcias theory is the assumption that a mature and well-adjusted person possesses a well-defined and individually determined identity. This assumption reflects an implicit set of values common to many developed Western societies concerning the desirability of an individually defined identity; but, this set of values may not be universally shared. In contemporary Western cultures, there is a great value placed upon individual needs, rights, and freedoms. Therefore it is only natural that such societies would define maturity in terms of a highly evolved sense of an individual self. But some other cultures value the needs of the larger community over any single individual. In such cultures, maturity is defined by the ability to subjugate individual pursuits and desires in the service of the groups greater good.

Morrisons Beloved Community Essays - Beloved, Women And Death, Sethe

Morrison's "Beloved" Community After the abolishment of slavery, the black community became the core of African American culture and life. This was due in part by segregation and other socioeconomic factors, but also to the spiritual and social unity of each black member. This was well exemplified in the story, as each former slave underwent arduous struggles to affix the broken pieces of their lives and attempt to become independent members of the community in a time which did not allow them to accomplish such a feat. The black community played a major role in Beloved, especially with their interactions with Sethe. After Sethe's escape from slavery, she traveled to Cincinnati to reunite with her children and mother-in-law, Baby Suggs. She arrived at 124, a house constantly filled with people and happiness. Where not one but two pots simmered on the stove; where the lamp burned all night long. Strangers rested while their children tried on their shoes. Messages were left there, for whoever needed them was sure to stop in one day soon. (Morrison, 87) Sethe was enveloped with love and security, while Baby Suggs, the local spiritual leader, became the driving force in the community, gathering the people together to preach self love and respect. When warm weather came, Baby Suggs, holy, followed by every black man, woman and child who could make it through, took her great heart to the Clearing... (Morrison, 87) Toni Morrison's Beloved is a book about a community made up of individuals running away from their pasts. In meeting a few of those individuals and learning how and what they are running from, it becomes obvious that no one can deal successfully with the burden of past memories alone. Those who attempt to face their troubles alone wind up tiring out and giving up, as is demonstrated by Baby Suggs. Sethe and Paul D however, try to fight back the past only to realize it cannot be done alone. After doing so, they find that with the community or a loved one to encourage you to put some of your weight in their hands, (22) the present becomes tolerable and a future possible regardless of the past. Baby Suggs, a prominent figure in the community with an intolerable present and past, which helped her learn early on what it was like to be left alone, to deal with difficulties. When the community that had served as her strength withdrew its support, because they were angry and had taken offense to the uncalled-for-pride (137) Baby flaunted when her grandchildren and daughter-in-law were finally together, she no longer felt the support. As if the weakness Baby was suffering from their disapproval was not enough, the family was hit with another blow, when Sethe was imprisoned. As Sethe is being taken away by the sheriff, the community who was already looking unfavorably upon the family's pride, asked the questions: Was her head a bit too high? Her back a little too straight? (152). These questions foreshadowed how, as long as 124 continued to be prideful, the community would keep their support withdrawn from the family that lived within. As a result, Baby Suggs, Sethe and the rest o f the family was left to deal with their trials alone. Hence, Baby who at one time found her strength in the community, lost that sense of belonging, her strength then died leading to her giving up the fight. "Her past was like her present - intolerable, and since she knew death was anything but forgetfulness, she used the little energy left her for pondering colors. " (4) Without the community, Baby Suggs stopped looking towards a future and relinquished her fight to ponder color, an occupation that took no energy on her part and that she could accomplish without anyone's help. Similarly, Sethe was left to deal with her problems alone, rather than giving up however, she threw herself into keeping what she has left, and protecting her family from the past. To Sethe, the future was a matter of keeping the past at bay. The 'better life' she believed she and Denver were living was simply not that other one (42). Sethe's equation for a future meant subtracting or running away from the past at all

Mycobacterium leprae essays

Mycobacterium leprae essays Mycobacterium leprae is a chemoorganoheterotroph microbe that causes the disfiguring disease called leprosy. Leprosy is also known as Hansens disease because it was first discovered by Dr. Armauer Hansen is 1873. Leprosy has been around since biblical times but there was no treatment available until the 1940s. Mycobacterium leprae has never been grown in artificial cultures but can be grown in the footpads of mice and armadillos. Mycobacterium leprae closely resembles the size and shape of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium leprae is acid-fast, gram-positive, and rod shaped. It also has a thick, waxy coating. Leprosy has a gradual onset which can take years due to the long incubation period which can be as long as three to five years. This disease is transmitted through the skin or the mucus lining of the nose and throat. Children are more susceptible than adults to contracting the disease. Some of the symptoms of leprosy are one or more skin lesions with decreased sensation, lesions that have not healed after several weeks to months, numbness in extremities, and muscle atrophy. There are two common forms of leprosy, tuberculoid and lepromatous. Tuberculoid leprosy causes the loss of sensation of the skin and atrophy of the muscles. This is the mildest form of leprosy and there is nerve damage but it is non-progressive. The more severe form of leprosy is lepromatous leprosy which is also the progressive form of this disease. Less nerve damage is associated with this form but facial features, fingers, and toes disintegrate. People with long-term leprosy may lose the use of their hands or feet because the absence of sensation can cause injuries to go unnoticed. Inadequate care causes infection of open wounds. Gangrene may also follow, causing body tissue to die and become deformed. The person infected could also experience blindness if the disease continues to advance. ...

Manufacture and Sale of Counterfeit Goods Essay

Manufacture and Sale of Counterfeit Goods - Essay Example Peter Law, in his article, â€Å"A Call for more Sweatshop† and others who favor sweatshop labor argue that it provides a means of employment for the weaker section of the population which helps the lower income population to lead a better livelihood. In addition, such companies provide employment for women, and that would, in turn, help them to become more independent and self-supportive. While sweatshop labor does provide a means of employment for the people, the mental and physical turmoil endured by the employees is much more than the benefits gained. In addition, the manufacturing of fake goods by itself is illegal as it is a deliberate infringement of the intellectual property rights of companies that produce the original goods. Hence, stricter policies and judicial changes should be introduced to close down companies producing fake goods and help save the lives of millions of women and children who are forced to work under horrendous conditions. The production of fake or counterfeit products is a violation of intellectual property rights and it poses a significant threat to the world economy as both businesses as well as the consumers are at a loss. As mentioned by Goodwin, the intellectual property theft has affected the world economy to the tune of nearly $600 billion a year. The number of fake products being seized is increasing at an alarming rate with a recent report from the EU customs showing seizure of nearly 100 million products in 2001. This illegal trade is part of every sector such as the information technology sector, clothing, toy industry and pharmaceuticals to name a few and the global market of counterfeit products have risen from 3 billion a year to nearly 100 times more (Counterfeiting and Organised Crime). The sale of counterfeit products has risen sharply over the past decade. A recent report shows that both industrial and commercial counterfeiting represents about 5 to 7% of trade in the world.

Psychological theories Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Psychological theories - Research Paper Example People need to feel loved and appreciated in order for them to change from bad habits (Schur,  2001). Therefore, the society should treat people in a better way instead of labeling them. This way, persons will not feel stigmatized despite their past actions. Instead, they will even desire to change in and become better persons. Therefore, indeed labeling theory has a significant effect on the psychology of an individual. Background Most of the crimes in the world are usually owed to poverty or lack. Although it is true that individuals may commit some crimes such as theft due to lacking some materials possessions, other crimes such as murder cannot be owed to lack or insufficiency of wealth. Serial killers are mostly defined as individuals who kill more than three people within a very period. For instance, records kept of serial killers show that they killed upto three victims per day. Serial killers do not just murder their victims. Most of them rape or sodomize their victims befo re putting them to death. There have also been cases of killers who mutilate the bodies after the victims have died. It is for these reasons that serial killers are thought to be psychopaths who have no conscience at all. Scholars assert that serial killers mainly murder out of psychological reasons such as labeling by the society (Cote,  2002). ... In addition, they are also not individuals who will have regrets after committing their crimes. Instead, scholars assert that these individuals derive fun and pleasure from these inhuman acts. The Labeling Theory and Crime The labeling theory states that people can create an individual’s bad character when they stigmatize them (Bryant, 2012). For instance, when an individual has been charged with criminal activities, people in the society are likely to label him or her as a criminal. The labeling theory asserts that; when an individual has been labeled in a certain way in the society, they tend to start acting according to their label (Cote,  2002). In addition, when people feel they are being treated like criminals they become frustrated and filled with anger. Therefore, the only way to vent this anger is by murder, as a way of taking revenge on humans. The theory also asserts that persons that have been labeled do not have peace inside themselves. Therefore, in order to en sure that other persons are also not peaceful too, the individuals prefer to take their lives by killing them. Therefore, the key causal factor arising from labeling theory is frustration. Individuals become frustrated due to stigmatization in the society. The labeling theory asserts that when an individual has been labeled, a number of factors in him become affected and thus, he starts engaging in criminal activities. This is because; labeling significantly affects the psychology of an individual. Labeling theory and the Social Psychology of an individual The social psychology of an individual refers to his social attributes. While some individuals are born while antisocial naturally, labeling affects the

Presidential Transition and Policy Priorities on Civil Rights Essay - 1

Presidential Transition and Policy Priorities on Civil Rights - Essay Example These among other concerns are what makes the upcoming days doubtful and very uncertain. I think that acknowledging and taking into account the reality of any situation is the focal point of any circumstance that arises. Being honest with oneself and the public at large makes it easier for everybody to see what exactly is going on and how it is presently affecting the lives of one and all. Others may think that accepting a weakness or flaw is limiting the ability of an individual to think of an appropriate action. What others may not realize is that it is actually the starting point of trying to solve a problem. Because once a dilemma is openly admitted, it is easier to focus on forming plans on how to reduce the damage and eventually eradicate it when short term and long term solutions are made and implemented. not just happen in one day, it is expected that its resolution will also have to come in gradual phases. Hence an abrupt improvement is not likely to happen at once, and the worst could still turn up around the corner. In line with the economic upheaval, the State of the Union also mentioned the need to empower the American people as to how they would use their money to offset the crisis at hand. This does not necessarily mean handing over money to the people per se but showing them that public money is being put to good use and the government is not squandering it to serve its own purpose. However unlikely, this could be one of the answers on how to stabilize the weakening economy, because everybody will have to learn to spend wisely and frugally. It also goes to show that the people are really the heart of the nation for they have a say on how things should be managed in order to keep their heads above water. Having an economic and financial crisis on hand does not mean total devastation of the economy because there is always a chance to turn things around for

Devising As A Journey Of Exploration And Discovery Theatre Essay

Devising As A Journey Of Exploration And Discovery Theatre Essay Devising is a very fluid form of theatre. Taking inspirations from anywhere and everywhere, a devised performance can be in any form and on any topic. This style is in direct contrast to scripted theatre, where a text is laying out the plot, direction, characters and details of the final performance. Although there is freedom for a personal interpretation of the overall view and form of the piece, the rehearsals and performances are confined by what has already been decided by the playwright. But devising is unlimited, in which a company can produce a performance on any theme or topic, taking ideas from any part of life and producing something new and fresh †¦the precise nature of the end product [of devised theatre] is unknown. In conventional theatre, however, everyone knows the production is, for example, Shakespeares Hamlet from the outset. (Oddey, 7) An example of a devising piece is the recent Fairytale Mash-Up which I was involved in as an actor. For this our original stimulus was a collection of short fairytale stories, some of which were familiar and others were unknown to the group. On reading the stories we found them to be surprisingly gruesome, which was something that is not necessarily picked up when a fairytale is heard as a child, such as the butcher cutting off the girls feet in Red Shoes. This was an unexpected twist and was the main basis of the beginning of our idea, as we decided from the very start that the Fairy Godmother would be dead, and therefore would not make all dreams come true as is usually expected of this character. Already we had a new interpretation of a classic idea, but our own input had discovered a new alternative. As oak trees grow from small acorns (Greet, Why Devise) and all ideas must stem from somewhere, the actors within a devising group are responsible with feeding new ideas into the group to create more diversity within the piece. Through this an actor has the power to get what they individually want from the piece and therefore it becomes more personal for the actors. It becomes their piece in a deeper way than, for example, a Chekhov play would, as it is inspired by their own ideas and experiences. In the Mash-Up I personally wanted something from it, having not attempted a murder mystery before and having not explored the true possibilities within comedic theatre. Devising allows us, as actors, to explore ourselves, our possibilities and our limitations. Sarah Kane believed that if something could be imagined then there was a way of reproducing it on a stage, and with this in mind an actor can explore distant memories and fantastical stories in aid of a devised performance. As every human is unique and no two people have the same experiences, a devised company has a whole variety of stimulus that is previously unseen and unexplored by a public audience. In this, the not knowing is clear, as at the start of development of a piece nobody knows what will be their influences and stimuli, and this creates a feeling of excitement and in return provides energy for the piece. This, as a result, means inevitably every devised piece will always be original due to the fact that a different group of actors will provide different motivations, due to the contrasting relationships within the group. In the 1960s a group was formed called the People Show and their performances relied on the differences and conflict between individual artists within the group, which changed with every new shows situation, conditions and circumstances. Every show was a unique devising performance. (Oddey, 5-6) This company is an ideal representation of a devising company, as they are described as a group of individual artists in collaboration with each other, taking risks, having a sense of unknown at the start of the devising process (Oddey, 6). It is this risk-taking that is important to devising, as people need to lose their inhibitions for true inspiration and new ideas to form. Having worked with members of my group before there were connections for some, but others were new relationships that had to be built during the development process. A benefit of this was that fresh eyes on an actor would see a talent within them that had maybe not been explored before, that their closer friends would have overlooked as being too obvious. In this risks were taken, not all of which were successes but by doing rehearsals we allowed the freedom and non-judgement of an idea so that even if only a tiny aspect of it was used later, we made it so that actors would not fear having ideas rejected within the group. One of the main techniques within devising is improvisation, which in reality is the basis of most devised work. This is a spontaneous activity, and therefore allows freedom, as an actor is not tied down by any limits, there is no final destination laid out in advance and there is limited if any direction made. The actor can be in the moment, without having to concern his thoughts with the next moment: Nothing is fixed and absolute, it is in flux, what will the next moment be? (Bentley, 78) In improvisation the next moment is not important, it is about focusing on the current and feeling free to explore in the present without fear of the future. Not all improvisation goes well, and more than often it takes more than several tries to find something worth anything, which is why continued improvisation is vital for discovering new things, because if a company always goes with the first idea they limit themselves greatly where they should be free to pick and choose from many ideas. Addit ionally a benefit of devised work is that even a concept that has been weeks in processing can be dropped if needed something that is not so possible within scripted work. In our piece we swapped and changed characters as we felt needed one member was set to be the Fairy Godmother before this was changed weeks in, but it was discovered that this actually allowed the original actor to experience more, having been able to try out more than one character until she found one that would fit with what she wanted out of the devising experience. Additionally, original characters like a reclusive genie were dropped as we felt necessary, and in early stages we were regularly swapping characters until we found an option that gave everyone the best opportunities for themselves and for the group. WE toyed with the idea of simply picking out characters from a hat then performing as them or producing still images without discussing it, but this became more complicated as some were drawn more to a certain character and struggled with more obscure options. As time went on and the piece became more complex and structured, one group member produced poems which acted as monologues for all the different characters, so in time we found ourselves structuring scenes around these poems as more were produced. It was quite interesting combining improvisation with scripted work, as we could improvise and develop until we found a place where the poem fit, and once it was done we would improvise the end of the scene as well. This meant that we could feel sure that the scene would have a point but we would still have the freedom to play around the set information. Additionally, as all the scenes were flashbacks for various murder suspects, there was no set order for them to be in, so this also added the opportunity to play with different orders to study the flow of energy from one to another before finding the right arrangement. Oddey says how thinking on your feet allows the individual to respond to new ideas or thoughts spontaneously, to sense and react to others so that the interaction or combined operation often produces unknown or unseen fresh material. This is not to underestimate the value of or importance of group discussion, but to point out the danger of becoming preoccupied with talking (155) and this is definitely a significant point. In our group we found that discussion was best left until after trying out some free improvisation and even then it needed to be brief otherwise it became compressing. We gave ourselves strict time limits and this meant that there wasnt time to talk and added concentrated energy into a moment, which often created new and exciting results. Devising is also about exploring how common ideas and regular day-to-day things can be flipped on their head and transformed into brand new perspectives, thereby challenging our preconceptions. (DV8, Artistic Policy) Theatres priority is to get a message across or to make an audience feel something particular, and more than often this is done through opening their eyes to the obvious but unexpected. This is the use of the known rather than the not known but has just as much if not more of an impact on viewers. The forgotten and the ignored are just as important as the undiscovered and in fact these things make it more personal and an actors own memories or feelings have a real power to shape plot or characters. Additionally, using influences from outside of theatre is very important and often not considered. For Frantic Assembly neither of its artistic directors has a formal background in drama, theatre or dance. In creating work, the company relies on influences that lie, for the mo st part, outside the realm of theatre and its regular forms and practise. (Frantic, †¦uk/p110.html) For our work we were inspired greatly by the 2001 film Shrek and used nursery rhymes for development in one scene. By looking further than common theatre techniques and looking outside the box, we found more options for variety within the piece. The physical company DV8s focus of the creative approach is on reinventing†¦ with meaning, particularly where this has been lost through formalised techniques (Artistic Policy). Another skill in devising is the use of play and re-exploring our childish minds, though not pretending to play as a child, but rediscovering the intensity of focus we experience as children (Greet, Why Devise), as this removes inhibitions and helps to reintroduce the more fantastical creative imaginations we once had. Consequently it makes actors less fearful of bad ideas and therefore less afraid to be more outrageous and experimental. One can then look beyond self-perceived limitations (Frantic, †¦uk/p106.html) and find a more energetic side, which means that physical theatre is achieved much more easily. Even closing ones eyes makes judgement less threatening which provides opportunity for even more exploration. In devising, the aim is to produce brand new theatre that has not been seen before. We found in our company that we often did not know what would happen next; in fact the murderer was not decided until well into the rehearsal process. It made no sense to know the end before the beginning or middle, so we did not rush this decision. Our piece was not a search for knowledge, but for the unknown. (Barba, 5), so knowing the ending would have confined us and limited exploration, constantly distracted by the final message of the piece. Even if two companies did a performance of The Caucasian Chalk Circle for example, completely uninfluenced by each other, they would still be telling the same story. This is why for our piece we used well-known characters but then added a twist, such as Cinderella actually being an obsessive cleaner. By exploring all of our different possibilities we did discover new opportunities and new perspectives on theatre as a whole. The real discovery, however, comes at the end, when we watch it back and see what we have achieved from scratch, and finally acknowledge and notice how our own input has provided a brand new interpretation: Now we have made a journey in our own home. True travellers know this experience very well: the unknown world is discovered when one returns. (Barba, 146)

Scarlett Letter :: essays research papers

The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter is a novel with much symbolism. Throughout the novel several characters represent other ideas. One of the most complex and misunderstood characters in the novel is Pearl, the daughter of Hester Prynne. Pearl, throughout the story, develops into a dynamic symbol – one that is always changing. Although Pearl changes, she always symbolizes evil. Pearl symbolizes evil in the story by representing God’s punishment of Hester’s sin, symbolizing the guilt and the scarlet letter that controls her behavior, and defying Puritan laws by being cheerful and associating with nature. Pearl represents God’s punishment by her mocking and nagging of Hester. Throughout the novel she sometimes seemed to her mother as almost a witch baby (Matthiessen 104). She is a baffling mixture of strong emotions with a fierce temper and a capacity for evil. With Pearl, Hester’s life became one of constant nagging, and no joy. The child could not be m ade amenable to rules. Hester even remarks to herself, “Oh Father in heaven – if thou art still my father – what is this being which I have brought into the world'; (Hawthorne 89)? Pearl would harass her mother Piyasena/Pine 2 over the scarlet “A'; she wore. In time, Hester was subjected to so much ridicule from Pearl and others that she was forced into seclusion. Pearl represents the sins of both Hester and Dimmesdale. Pearl is said to be the direct consequence of sin (Martin 108). Their sins include lying to the people about the affair that led to Pearl. Hester realizes what Pearl represents when she does not hold Pearl up in front of the “A.'; She carries the child around because it is a direct reflection of her sin. Hester is, “wisely judging that one token of her shame would but poorly serve to hide another'; (Hawthorne 48). Dimmesdale’s sin is not adultery but not having the courage to admit that he had adulterated. Therefore his is a “concealed sin.'; The scarlet letter amuses Pearl, and also controls her behavior. It is noted that, Pearl has been described in terms almost exclusively of uncontrolled, chaotic passion (MacLean 54). Throughout the novel Pearl is attracted to the “A.'; Even when she is just a baby, “her infant’s eyes had been caught by the glimmering of the gold embroidery about the letter'; (Hawthorne 90). When Pearl is older and Hester throws the letter on the ground, Pearl yells at her mother until she places the “A'; back on her bosom.

Investigating the effect of pH on the activity of phosphatase enzymes

My aim in this experiment is to see how well an enzyme (phosphatase in this case) reacts under a controlled temperature but a varying pH. Enzymes are known to be effected by pH and temperature. Both of these change how quickly the enzyme can process a substrate, so perfect matches must be found for each enzyme. At a low temperature, the enzymes reaction is so slow that any product is hardly noticeable. At a high temperature, or an extreme pH, the active site of the enzyme is damaged, so the substrate cannot be processed. I predict that the optimal pH for the reaction to take place will be more acidic when the temperature is set at 25o c and the length of incubation is 10 minutes. A suitable pH would be between 3 – 5oc. I conducted preliminary experiments and chose to incubate at 25o c instead of the higher temperatures for the simple reason that I knew that at a higher temperature (around 35o c), the reaction would go at its fastest, and I ran the risk of high magenta values (I wanted to keep them all under 1 so they could be easily compared). I therefore wanted to see what would happen at lower than 35o c as far as reactions were concerned, so I chose 25o c. My method was adapted from a worksheet on varying the temperature in the same reaction, keeping pH constant. 1. Label a microfuge tube with your initials. 2. Place two mung beans into the labeled tube. 3. Add 0.5ml distilled water into the tube containing the beans. 4. Crush and macerate the beans with a small glass/plastic rod. 5. Take a second microfuge tube and add water to the same level as the one containing the mung beans. (TO BALANCE THE CENTRIFUGE RACK) 6. Place the tubes into opposite holes of the centrifuge rack and spin for 5 minutes at maximum speed 7. After spinning, draw off as much of the clear supernatant above the pellet as possible and place into a clean microfuge tube. This solution now contains the enzymes for the experiment. 8. Using a graduated pipettor, add 100?l of sodium carbonate (the buffer solution in this experiment). 9. Then add 20?l PPP substrate to each of the eight microfuge tubes. Wash the pippettor thoroughly. 10. Finally, add 20?l enzyme solution into it. 11. Repeat steps 8 through 10 as quickly as possible, to collect all the microfuge tubes. Now insert them into a Styrofoam float and place this on the surface of the water bath for 10 minutes, timed with a stop clock. 12. Now add 100?l Sodium Carbonate to stop the reactions. 13. Estimate the colour of the magenta using the magenta filters provided. The possible variables in this method are the volumes of substrate, enzyme and sodium carbonate along with the time in the water bath and the temperature of the water bath. The volumes will be measured as closely as possible with a micropippettor. Results: The number in the test tube column is the magenta filter that corresponded to the colour of the completed reaction. The higher numbers mean more reaction, lower means less reaction. Every time that I added the sodium carbonate to cancel the reaction, the colour change to magenta was sudden and with a small amount of shaking, the whole liquid was tinted purple. I managed to take 2 readings for each pH, and therefore average them. Without doing the preliminary experiment, I would have never known what temperature to try. This graph shows clearly how good my results were. They fit with my prediction that the optimum pH for a Phosphate enzyme is around pH 3-5, and therefore we can say that it requires a more acidic pH than an alkaline one. My conclusion, using this graph as evidence, is that a Phosphate enzyme works at its maximum speed at a lower pH, in this experiment pH 4, taking into account the other variables in the experiment. For instance, at a different water temperature, the pH required may vary. As mentioned before, as the temperature raises, so does the probability of denaturation. From the results, I assume this is beginning to happen before pH 5. But these results are not precise. I have no way of knowing which side of pH 4 the reaction is faster, i.e. if pH 3.9 is faster than pH 4, or pH 4.1. The pH4 that I got as being the fastest speed may not be the pinnacle of the reaction curve. Huge accuracy errors could have been made, for instance: * Was the precise equal amount of liquid put in each of the tubes? Probably not, the micropipette was hard to use and had very small scales. * Some reactions began before others when preparing to put the microfuge tubes into the water bath. You had to work incredibly quickly to prepare all of the tubes in as fast a time as possible. However, seeing how precise my results were, either I made the same mistakes over and over, therefore giving a whole set of incorrect results, or I did them all very well. This is the risk in using this method. If I were to change the method, I would get far more precise pipettes and find a way of adding the enzyme into the solution as quickly as possible, like getting 8 micropipettes filled and ready, then using one for each microfuge tube in quick succession. If this experiment was to be taken further, I would get people to work together and double check their accuracy as they go, so that they can do the final step before incubation in half the time or less. Instead of changing the pH, they could change the variable concerning the temperature of the water bath to be incubated in. Another possibility is that the different volumes could be changed to see how the results vary, of course only one at a time. For example, change the amount of enzyme to be put into the mixture, continue the experiment with other set variables and see what type of results you get.

Food chain essays

Food chain essays A food chain is an idea developed by a scientist named Charles Elton in 1927. He described the way plants get energy from sunlight, plant-eating animals get their energy from eating plants, and meat-eating animals get their energy from eating other animals. The idea of a chain means that all these animals are linked together, so anything that affects one link in the chain affects everything in the chain. ]The key concept that we need to learn from food chains, food webs and food pyramids is the transfer of energy. For all life on earth there is only one available source of energy, the sun. Furthermore, only plants can change this energy into a form that can be used by animals. All plants rely either directly or indirectly on plants for their energy. Plants feed upon sunlight. Only plants have the ability to convert sunlight into food that they and animals can use. Feeding levels are also called trophic levels. The word "trophic" is a Greek word for nourishment. To determine the trophic level, we count the number of energy transfers. Green plants are at the first trophic, or nourishment, level because there has been one transfer of energy, from the sun to the plants. The first link in the chain, the plant, is called the producer, while all the links above it are called consumers. For example, look at a simple chain in which grass uses sunlight to produce sugars and proteins so it can grow. Rabbits eat the grass, and get energy from it. Foxes eat rabbits and get energy from them. Nothing eats foxes, so they are said to be at the top of that particular food chain. If something happens to the grass, suppose a farmer plows up some of the grass to plant a field. Then the rabbits have less food and some of them will die. Then because there are fewer rabbits, some of the foxes will die, too, even though they don't eat the grass directly. Of course, in the real world, there are no simple food chains like this. Rabbits eat many thin...

How would an audience respond to An Inspector Calls in performance Essays

How would an audience respond to An Inspector Calls in performance Essays How would an audience respond to An Inspector Calls in performance Paper How would an audience respond to An Inspector Calls in performance Paper Essay Topic: Literature An Inspector Calls is a typical play of the late 19th/early 20th century period. It explores in depth what hides behind the respectable front of a middle class family. This type of play was most probably written originally for the working class. I do not think it would have gone down very well with the middle class because the play uncovers the unpleasant truths of combining too much money with lots of free time. This results in controversial behaviour consisting of drunkenness, adultery and theft which are all portrayed in An Inspector Calls. An audience would enjoy An Inspector Calls because seeing the elite of society having their reputation and lives disgraced would fill them with gratification that money and power does not always bring happiness. It would also make the audience be grateful for what they have, even if it is just a simple, honest life. Generally, people watching this play in theatre would probably feel sorrow for the family and especially characters like Sheila and Eric who were obviously very shaken up by the whole ordeal. The story reflects, to an extent a melancholy atmosphere and I feel an audience would probably become very understanding and show compassion for the characters. This would be brought out more in the theatre because the atmosphere is charged and the audience is allowed to let their emotions run free. At the beginning of the play the family are all in a pleasant frame of mind. They are all in evening dress, which signifies they are all of middle class- [Act 1 scene directions] All five are in evening dress of the period. The family members are very sure of themselves and act confidently around each other at the beginning. The Birlings and Gerald are drinking port and are taking advantage of having their parlourmaid, Edna, on hand- Giving us the port, Edna? . The audience will gain from this the impression that the Birlings are rather dependent on their servants. There is an excited atmosphere at the beginning of the play due to the engagement of Gerald and Sheila. This would reflect upon the audience, making them eager to see what lies in the future for the family. When Birling starts to talk about a possible merge with Crofts Limited the audience realizes that he is very enthusiastic about his business and is also quite selfish because even though he makes out the most important thing is the happiness of Gerald and Sheila, he is just interested in making a profit with a business merge. The audiences opinion of him will deteriorate even more when they hear the way he treated Eva Smith. The theatre would bring out these opinions and feelings because the actors are much more interactive with the audience than in a film. The theatre, depending on the play encourages the audience to become involved. When the inspector enters, he treats the family with the respect a middle class family deserves, for example Thank you sir. Yes, sir. Only recently transferred and Id like some information, if you dont mind, Mr. Birling. This will make the audience think he is a typical inspector of the period, and greatly conceals what is to come. As the story progresses the inspector becomes more and more commanding, for example [massively taking charge] Allow me, Miss Birling. Cutting in] Isnt he used to drinking? and [cutting in, with authority] He must wait his turn. The audience may be a little startled by the tone the inspector is taking with the family, and may suspect an imposter as the Birlings do towards the end after being informed by Gerald. Personally I did not suspect the inspector being anything other than what he appeared as. For the actors who are playing major parts such as Birling and Inspector Goole remembering all the lines can be hard. People enjoy and prefer the theatre because they are seeing the actors at their best. In a film if an actor forgets his lines then that section can be cut and then another take can be filmed, however in a theatre there is no going back so the actors must be on top form. This is often a main reason for why people go to the theatre. As the play draws to an end the audience will realize that the inspector is some sort of phantom or voice of the familys conscience [Rather savagely, to Birling] you started it. But just remember this. You mean you stole the money? These are all good examples of the inspector prodding the consciences of the family. In fact most of the inspectors statements and questions are imposing, and reveal the guilty conscience of the family. I think J. B. Priestley intentionally made the inspector sound more commanding as the family became more guilty and conscious of what they had done. As the family became more nervous about what would happen to their reputation and got more scared their conscience got harsher on them. When the family becomes more unhappy and depressed I feel the audience would reflect the same feelings. This relates to what J. B. Priestley said- You cannot be happy when you are surrounded by people who are unhappy. J. B. Priestleys language is a mixture of the real at the beginning and the supernatural as the play draws to an end. When the family begins to realize they have all crossed paths with Eva Smith the element of supernatural is interlaced with the action. At this point the audience would find the actors extremely exciting to watch because this is when the plot thickens. The tense, thrilling portrayal of the characters situation is one of the main reasons to why people go to the theatre. I think the audience would be quick to pick up the mystical twist, however I feel the end is extremely unpredictable. This is a good style to use in writing and shows J. B. Priestleys skill in stagecraft because as the play progresses the audience will probably feel that what is to come is rather predictable, until the Birlings discover the inspector had disappeared. This part is extremely effective because it would leave the twist in the audiences mind long after the curtain falls. Birlings ambition to be a respected social role model, a prosperous businessman and to finally receive a knighthood for all of his hard work on behalf of the local council drives him to all extremes. His hopes for his business is to keep the wages he is paying his employees as low as possible so that he can hold competitive prices and gain as much profit as possible. Unfortunately Eva Smith was a strong willed young lady whom stood up for her rights and revolted against Birlings preposterous wages. This was not wise and due to Birlings headstrong outlook on life he refused her proposal for higher wages and had her sacked with the attitude that many women would give their right arm for her job. This careless attitude was what started Eva Smith off with her long line of failure and depression. Birlings ambition gets in the way of him being a good father and a traditional family man. This results in his family acting very dysfunctional. The audience would gain the impression from his pompous, selfish attitude that he is an extremely disrespectful, bitter and poor father. One of the messages of the story is that private behaviour can have public consequences. The audience would notice that the familys horrible, disrespectful behaviour drove Eva Smith to suicide. Each member knew nothing of each others involvement with the victim until their conscience pricked them. They realized their reputation would be damaged after they received the phone call off the genuine police officer. I feel J. B. Priestley intended this message to be conveyed so that the upper and middle classes would pay more consideration to others and be more careful not to affect anyone as Eva Smith was. This message can be portrayed on stage because the emotion is happening there and then and is not recorded as in films. I believe J. B. Priestley wrote An Inspector Calls to make a plea for a change in human nature and society. By basing the story around a snobbish middle class family, Priestley was allowed to go to great lengths in making the family sound purposely abrupt and disrespectful to others. They sometimes went too far in their blatant disregard for others, however this was intentional by Priestley because no other characters could be too shallow or obnoxious to enforce his point that people are fast becoming unsociable. Priestley uses the inspector to convey his messages. When the inspector says Youre offering money at the wrong time. This was Priestleys way in saying that once you make a mistake and recognize what you have done wrong, you should try to put matters straight before the chance is lost, as with Birling. J. B. Priestleys play presents the audience with a fascinating study of guilt and innocence, and prejudice and hypocrisy. The sharply-defined characters of the Birling family and Gerald Croft, the enigmatic and puzzling figure of Inspector Goole and the shadowy figure in the background of Eva Smith would never fail to engage the audience and make them realize that peoples standards need to be improved before it is too late. Sheila and Eric are obviously much more shocked by the part they played in Eva Smiths suicide than the rest of the family. J. B. Priestley may have purposely highlighted the two younger characters in the play to convey his point that the younger generation must try to be apply a more moralistic and civil attitude to life as Sheila and Eric did towards the end, otherwise the future that lies ahead is going to be quite disenchanting. This is meant to appeal to the younger or more optimistic members of the audience. The hidden message might also be interpreted differently. The audience may feel that the play reflects a brighter future for the younger generation. The message is also another sign of J. B. Priestleys skill in writing for it deals with a serious matter involving the future generation. J. B. Priestley wrote the play in 1945, however the play is set in the year 1912. In my opinion I think he could see that the youth had changed since 1912 and maybe wanted to show how different Sheila and Eric were in 1912 compared to the youth in the year the play was written. This message would also apply to the youth of today. At the beginning of An Inspector Calls, Birling is as usual giving his opinion of where Britain is heading. And were in for a time of steadily increasing prosperity. He feels Britain is heading for a period of relative social and economic stability. Little does he know, Britain was about to be launched into world war one. It is ironic that the audience knows what is to happen to the country before any of the characters do. This makes the play almost comical in stages because Birling is constantly enforcing his views on future prosperity and likes to believe he is right when in fact the audience knows he will soon be sinking into recession. The good thing about telling a story that is set before a major event such as world war one is that the audience is instantly given extra background information on the surroundings in which the story is set. I find this would help because people genuinely respond better to subjects they already know a little about. So the audience would be able to immerse themselves into the play more easily. The play seems to suggest that the lower classes will never succeed when coming up against bigger fish. This refers to how Eva Smith was treated by all the members in the Birling family and Gerald Croft. She was sacked due to Birling and Sheila. She was used by Eric and turned away in her hour of need by Mrs. Birling. Gerald also used her for his mistress and even though he had sincere feelings for her, she still knew they could never continue their relationship due to the circumstances so this also contributed to messing up her life. Once the audience had seen the way Eva Smith had been treated they would have felt very bitter towards the Birlings and Gerald and incredibly sorry for Eva Smith who had had her life torn apart. This would have made the audience feel sad for Eva and maybe for Sheila and Eric who had recognized what they had done wrong and shown genuine guilt because of it. The end of the play where most of the characters were either feeling sorry for themselves or miserable about what they had done would reflect on the audience and they would also feel quite upset by the whole scenario. This backs up J. B. Priestleys statement You cannot be happy when you are surrounded by people who are unhappy.

The Education Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Education Industry - Essay Example 1). They put students in control of their education rather than the faculty, staff, or accrediting bodies, because all or most of their funding comes directly from the students and they are treated with "customer service" instead of having to earn their degrees. According to Zach Stocks (2009, pg. 1), "Consistent readers should be aware of the fact that I see many for-profit education companies as short candidates. Conventional wisdom states that during tough economic times, workers will pursue education programs in order to improve their wage potential, or to develop skill in an area likely to provide them a job." Certainly, no one is saying that a college degree is not valuable. In fact, we are stating quite the opposite. It is just a matter of choosing the wiser path to follow for your own needs: for-profit or nonprofit. It is really up to you. We can prove the worth of a college degree simply by looking at the graph that follows. According to the National Center for Study of the Privatization of Education (2009, pg. 1), "There are two types of for-profit schools. The first kind is a school that operates as a business and attempts to make a profit from its educational operation. The school receives a fee for each student it enrolls. The second kind is an educational management organization (EMO) that contracts with school districts and charter schools to operate public schools. The most important difference between the two types of for-profit schools is that EMOs usually manage schools receiving public funds. Most for-profit schools function as EMOs." For-profit schools are considered controversial. They use business techniques to improve their schools rather than relying on state or federal mandates to improve them. "Therefore, the main concern of management is realizing profits and promoting growth. Proponents of for-profit schools claim business models will benefit students, because financial success depends on providing a quality education. Schools must improve if they are to compete for students. Opponents fear for-profit schools will make students a secondary concern and eliminate beneficial programs that are too expensive or take short-cuts to enhance profitability. The potential

The Style of Writing in Consider the Lobster Essay - 5

The Style of Writing in Consider the Lobster - Essay Example This style was rather surprising for most of Wallace’s readers considering they anticipated a showy but also funny style of writing (Wallace 212). Each essay presents the features that follow from the author’s stance on the topic. For instance, some of the qualities of an informal and wide style of writing are transparency and ease. In Wallace’s essays, transparency and ease originate from a language that corresponds to views about the purpose of his core argument (Wallace 51). The Lobster in Wallace’s first essay serves as an exciting shortcut to his mind for his audience. The writer is complacent with the maltreatment of grammar rules and is glad to dedicate over 3,000 words to Kafka’s wit, which is evident through his mildly profane language. At some points, Wallace seems uncertain of the truth and even nervous about it, which Thomas and Turner consider crucial for writing. The essays clearly show inspired by an imposed duty obliged to attempt to convince an audience of an argument that Wallace is not very knowledgeable about or experienced in to comprehend (Thomas and Turner  Ã‚  27).

Coursework 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

1 - Coursework Example Additionally, the paper tries to show how the stated values and attributes of international leaders are relevant and adequate capabilities, conditions and qualities of international managers/leaders in managing culturally diverse project teams. The paper also details critical analysis of how culturally diverse teams operate, the roles of the team members, as well as, the importance of human resource management in these teams. IHRM also covers the management of expatriates and the organizational strategies and interventions put in place to curb the potential challenges posed by culturally diverse teams. It is important to understand the nature of culturally diverse teams so as to deduce valid conclusions that Smith’s statement is true. As stated earlier, the number of culturally diverse teams has increased dramatically in the world for last few decades. Companies adopt these teams believing that they can boost performance, but, at the same time, the teams pose potential risks to their operations. Cultural diverse teams can be classified into bicultural and multicultural teams. Bicultural teams consist of two or more members that represent two different cultures while, in multicultural teams, the members come from three or more ethnic/cultural backgrounds (Roberson 2013, p. 45). Usually, diverse teams are prone to disagreements because most people struggle to intermingle, relate and understand their colleagues who come from different backgrounds. Although the multicultural teams may yield good results, the lack of understanding and distrust among the members can lead to poor performance of the teams. However, if the members of diverse teams are managed adequately, the teams can get access to the wide variety of skills and information and solve problems effectively. It, therefore, means that the cultural differences must be reconciled through a deeper and critical analysis of issues undermining diverse teams’

Maya Angelou Essay Example for Free

Maya Angelou Essay During this class period you need to complete the following essay. Please type it and use proper formatting. The stories are all posted on your Edline page under assignments. You do NOT need the internet for ANY OTHER REASON. When you have completed the essay you need to do the FRED book assignment below. Comparing Texts Author Study: Maya Angelou Writing a Response to Literature: Biographical Approach Maya Angelou has remarked, â€Å"I’m always inspired by men and women who rise†¦That ability to rise is nobleness of the human spirit. † Write an essay in which you analyze Angelou’s beliefs about the human spirit, as reflected in the four works you just read. Before you begin, consider what Angelou has to say about her work: â€Å"I speak to the black experience, but I am always talking about the human condition—about what we can endure, dream, fail at, and still survive.† Writing Your Essay As you plan, draft, and revise your essay, keep the following tips in mind: †¢In the introduction, or the beginning of your essay, include a specific thesis statement that presents the key point you will prove in your essay. †¢Support your ideas with evidence from the four selections. Be sure to analyze how Angelou’s tone and use of stylistic devices contribute to the expression of her themes or main ideas. †¢Make sure that every paragraph has unity and coherence. All the sentences in the paragraph should relate to one main idea and help develop that idea. †¢End your essay with a conclusion in which you summarize your main points. Include a new, but related, closing insight or reflection. Create a one-page document that shows you have understood the book with the 2 parts below: †¢Part 1: First, think of the symbols in the book. Then, find pictures using â€Å"Google images† or â€Å"Clip Art† and paste them into the document. Then give a 1-2 sentence reason for the symbol. †¢Part 2: Write a book review. Make sure you convince me you have read it thoroughly! It should be no more than 1-2 paragraphs. (If you do not finish in class, send to me via email before the end of the day! [emailprotected])

Divorce - From Heaven to Hell Essay -- Expository Cause Effect Essays

Divorce - From Heaven to Hell According to recent statistics, there are more divorces now than ever before. At the rate things are going, the divorce rate may soon surpass the marriage rate. There are many reasons for such a high divorce rate, but one of the main ones is that people do not realize what they are getting themselves into when they marry. Couples do not realize that marriage is a job that must be worked at continuously in order for it to go well. Because many couples marry for the wrong reasons, a breakdown in communication results, which leads to a couple's growing apart. This process, all too often, ends in divorce. People marry the wrong people for the wrong reasons. Of course, they seem to be the right people and the right reasons at the time the decision is made, but the trouble really begins here. For example, many couples are too young when they marry. They meet in high school or college, "fall in love," which is really just lust, and know that they have found the person they are going to marry. Further, many young girls think that they are ready to marry, but many times they simply want to get out of their parents' house. The situation may involve abuse in some form or another, or the girl simply may not be getting along with her folks and sees marriage as a way out. She believes that if she can just make a home of her own everything will be fine. She looks on the young man as her salvation, and he begins to see himself in that role. In addition, she may also be pregnant. This situation always makes things worse for the young couple. The coming baby takes many choices away from the pair and adds many responsibilities that they are just not prepared to take on. There are financial... ...t include the spouse. This decision may or may not be made on a conscious level. Sometimes the futility of the situation takes over and the only thing on a person's mind is getting out and away from the spouse. This way of thinking only leads to disaster. The two people either stay together and wind up being miserable, or they separate and divorce. Either way there is unhappiness for everyone involved. Divorce has touched us all either directly or indirectly. There are normally no winners involved; everyone loses something. Things could begin to get a little better, however, if prospective couples would take some time to get to know each other better. When couples learn to communicate with one another and work to keep those lines open, there is growth together, not apart. This process does take a lot of work, but the rewards can be life sustaining.

Greek Mythology :: Greek Mythology, Informative

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Long ago, people lacked knowledge on why certain things happened. Without scientific answers, like we have today, the Ancient Greeks created their own answers about the world and an individual’s place in it. These tales were known as myths. They described the feelings and values that bound the members of society. There are two types of myths -- creation myths and explanatory myths. A creation myth explained the start of many events such as the origin of the world and the creation of human beings. An explanatory myth explained a natural process or event such as illness and death. Most myths concerned divine beings such as gods, goddesses and other heroes with supernatural powers. These characters had many human characteristics, aside from their special powers, that included birth and death and the presence of emotions such as love and jealousy. These human qualities of the divine beings reflected the values of society. Such characters are called anthropomor phic, derived from two Greek words meaning â€Å"in the shape of man†. Gods and goddesses that resembled animals were referred to as theriomorphic, derived from two Greek words meaning â€Å"in the shape of an animal†. The last group of mythical characters has no name. They didn’t take the form of a complete human or animal, such as a figure with a human body and an animal head. As well as being entertaining and interesting to read, myths played an important role in Ancient Greek society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Greeks honored their gods with different kinds of festivals. Their celebrations have continued throughout the years and two have become worldwide traditions.

Survival Guide Hari Raya

Personal Trainer & Nutritionist have been a personal trainer and nutritionist for over 6 years. I got my certification from A. F. T. A in the USA Speaker conduct various health and corporate wellness seminars. Some of my clients include Nestle, Node's, Bank Engage, Patrons Malaysia, Bursa Malaysia and other clients in both the private and public sector TV Host am a regular TV guest on various talk shows discussing health, diet, nutrition and other wellness topics. Brand Ambassador As part of my job, have been fortunate to represent brands such as Aids, Nestle and Fitness Concept.Web Entrepreneur love the web. We launched Cooked. Com, a Malaysian calorie database, eBooks and are very active in providing tips on our website – Shakespearian. Com, Backbone and Twitter Shakespearian. Com 0 201 0 4 WEIGHT LOSS FAQ Shakespearian. Com 0 201 0 General Hair Array FAQ 5 Before share my 20 hair array weight loss survival tips, lets look at some general FAQ How much to eat during array? To tally up to you but try to follow some of the 20 tips I am going to share with you Nina bit. Will you gain weight over hair array? Most probably. Its opposite to Ramadan.Where 90% lose weight during Ramadan, 90% of you will gain weight during the first few days of seawall. All I can say is that it is K to indulge and reward yourself after a long month of fasting. But, don't worry. Your goal this array should be to minimize weight gain! If you have lost egg during pupas, keep weight gain below egg. But how can I lose weight during hair array? Yes, you don't want to be in the 90% group. In fact, everyone who reads and understands my eBooks should be in the 10% â€Å"l am going to lose weight this array† group. K there are two parts to this: ; First 10 days: These are the hardest as festivities are at their peak and everyone is in the leaps germ mode. During this period, your AOL (if any) should be to minimize weight gain. ; Last 20 days: Again since open houses are mostly limit ed to the weekends, you MUST make sure that your week days are as healthy as possible. If you have 5 good days and 2 bad days, you should be K. Get back on track! So in combination, to lose weight over the 30 days of array, make sure your exercise & diet routine get back on track, especially during weekdays as weekends are filled with tempting open houses.Make me proud! Should you exercise during array? Totally up to you but not very convenient when you are on the road and everyone else is indulging In Megan and shakeups. So for me, I don't exercise during the first week. Once I return to work, it is a good time to restart my exercise program. That said, there is no need to reward your self for 30 days. 10 crazy days and 20 healthy eating days is fine with me. Can start the â€Å"How to lose egg in seeks† program during array? Yup, but would advice you NOT to start it until you are back into your normal routine.The â€Å"How to lose egg in 5 weeks† program requires you to have control over your day. When you Bali camping or are in the midst of hair array, you probably lose control! But hey, if you feel you are ready and motivated, oh can get started anywhere, any time! Any guidelines before I start to exercise again? If you have not been exercising throughout Ramadan (like me), you can't continue where you left off. The lack of exercise during Ramadan has affected your strength and cardiovascular fitness. Here are some guidelines to help you get back on track: ; Start slow!Keep the intensity within moderate levels. ; Make sure to eat your pre and post exercise meals (a must for weight training) ; Pace yourself. It will time to rebuild your fitness and strength. ; your body. If you can't cope, stop. You don't want to get injured now, do you? Arrival Guide: 20 Hair Array Tips to Keep That weight Off Listen to 6 20 HAIR ARRAY TIPS TO KEEP THAT WEIGHT OFF! Celebrate Array! Don't be one of those people who bring you. Hair array is a celebration. A rew ard for all the fasting you have committed yourself to for 30 days. Reward yourself.Its K to let go for a few days. 7 Yes, the first few days are special and all the great food is just too tempting but hey, after a few days its time to head back to reality and keep your intake in check. My advice, take it easy. Pace yourself. 8 Do you know how many calories are in leman, longing or all those shih-Mimi? It takes 20 minutes Eat slowly. It takes about 20 minutes for you to feel full. Never start with desserts! Always start with a proper meal. Go for rice, meats, vegetables or whatever makes up a balanced meal. 9 â€Å"Stretch† Your Buffet.Opposed to a served meal, buffets allow you to control your portions and choices BUT some relative will nag you for not eating enough or making enough â€Å"rounds†. My tip: Take small portions and frequent trips. This gives people the impression that you are eating a lot. 10 Never start with desserts. They are packed with sugars and fat s. If you want desserts, reduce the calories from your main course. Milk before you hit the road. What? More food? Well yes and no. During this festivity, most of you will be hitting the road when visiting friends and family but with all the traffic & delays, its important to keep your hunger in check.A quick glass of low-fat milk (or any other balanced snack) before you leave home keeps your cravings in check. This helps you to avoid unnecessary calories. Know your r ay calories. If you are serious about keeping your array weight gain in check, make sure that you are aware of all your array-food calories. Well you should! Otherwise, you lose control over your weight. How many cookies do you need? Ah yes, the humiliation cookies or biscuit array. They are everywhere you go and loaded with sugar (calories). Do the math: Lets say an average cookies packs some 35 calories.If you eat 10 cookies per open house and visit xx houses per day, that works out to be a whooping 21 ,OOH calories or 2. Egg! How to reward? By enjoying all the delicious leman, rending and other yummy but know your limits. You don't need 30 day of feasting! Yes idolatry is 30 days long but that doesn't mean you have to eat-all-you-can every single day. Stick to 10 vs. 20 days. If you need to indulge in array food and o all out, stick to 10 out of the 30 days of seawall. Example: First 2 days of array + weekends. Its K to say â€Å"No†. As a guest, we always feel obligated to well eat.

The Mandarin Meaning of Yin Yang Philosophy

The Mandarin Meaning of Yin Yang Philosophy Yin Yang is a philosophical concept of balance. The symbol associated with this concept is described here by Elizabeth Reninger: The image consists of a circle divided into two teardrop-shaped halves - one white and the other black. Within each half is contained a smaller circle of the opposite color. The Chinese Characters for Yin and Yang The Chinese characters for Yin Yang are é™ °Ã©â„¢ ½ / é˜ ´Ã©Ëœ ³ and they are pronounced yÄ «n yng. The first character é™ ° / é˜ ´ (yÄ «n) means: overcast weather; feminine; moon; cloudy; negative electrical charge; shady. The second character é™ ½ / é˜ ³ (yng) means: positive electrical charge; sun. The simplified characters é˜ ´Ã©Ëœ ³ clearly show the moon/sun symbolism since they can be deconstructed to their elements æÅ"ˆ (moon) and æâ€" ¥ (sun). The element é˜  is a variant of the radical é˜Å" which means abundant. So Yin Yang could represent the contrast between the full moon and the full sun. The Meaning and Significance of Yin and Yang It should be noted that these two opposites are viewed as complementary. To a modern observer coming from a Western background, its easy to think that yang sounds better than yin. The sun is obviously more powerful than the moon, light is better than darkness and so on. This misses the point. The idea behind the symbol of yin and yang is that they interact and that both are necessary for a healthy whole. Its also meant to represent the idea that extreme yin and extreme yang are unhealthy and unbalanced. The small black dot in the white shows this, as does the white dot in the black. 100% yang is very dangerous, as is complete yin. This can be seen in taijiquan, which is a martial art partly based on this principle. Here is Elizabeth Reningers further explanation of the meaning of the Yin Yang symbol: The curves and circles of the Yin-Yang symbol imply a kaleidoscope-like movement. This implied movement represents the ways in which Yin and Yang are mutually-arising, interdependent, and continuously transforming, one into the other. One could not exist without the other, for each contains the essence of the other. Night becomes day, and day becomes night. Birth becomes death, and death becomes birth (think: composting). Friends become enemies, and enemies become friends. Such is the nature - Taoism teaches - of everything in the relative world.

Americans and the Industrial Revolution essays

Americans and the Industrial Revolution essays Americans faced many hardships during the turn of the century. As our Nation was adjusting to the new technological advances they were making during the Industrial Revolution, it seems that some people were simply looked over in this new rat race. There were many problems that accompanied the new century, perhaps one of the largest though, was the expansion and dominance of big businesses. As though it may seem that large businesses may be a good thing, because of our dependence on them today, we simply werent ready for them a hundred years ago. Many big businesses had created monopolies, used Taylorism, and caused what was called a boom bust economy. These three events also forced many people to try and resolve these problems associated with the tremendous rise of big business. In search for great power, and the will to expand, many businesses created large monopolies, meaning that all markets are dominated by one or two firms. For example, by 1900, approximately 98% of the oil industry was owned solely by Standard Oil Company. Because Standard Oil owned so much and people depended on this resource, this company could charge a little or as much as they wanted, with no worries of losing business, merely because people had no where else to go. Another problem with monopolies is that it leaves very little room for smaller business to run, so the small business that were once relied upon, are now out of production. Big companies also used a method called Taylorism to stay in control. Taylorism, named after a man called Fredrick Winslow Taylor, facilitated unskilled labor by copying what skilled labors knew and breaking it down into small simple jobs that anyone can do, much like an assembly line. By using unskilled laborers companies assured their power over the people because they had no skill and could go nowhere else for a job. Even if they tried, it was no problem because they were easy to replace....

90 Idioms About Tools

90 Idioms About Tools 90 Idioms About Tools 90 Idioms About Tools By Mark Nichol Hand tools have inspired a tool box full of metaphorical words and expressions. Here’s a list of many of those handy idioms. 1–5. angry/mad enough to chew nails/spit nails or ready to eat nails: enraged 6–7. another/final nail in the coffin: one of/the last of multiple factors that contribute to a failure 8–9. ax: a guitar or other instrument a musician might play while making a chopping motion (noun), or fire, reduce, remove, or terminate (verb) 10. ax to grind: grudge or motive 11. bed of nails: difficult or unpleasant situation 12. between the hammer and the anvil: facing a dilemma 13. bury the hatchet: end a dispute or feud 14. chisel (someone) out of: cheat to get something away from someone 15: chisel in: deceive or manipulate to get a share of something 16: chiseled: toned or well defined (as in facial features or body) 17. clamp down: impose controls or restrictions 18–19. coffin nail/coffin tack: a cigarette (or, rarely, a drink of liquor) 20. crowbar: insert or remove with force 21. drill: hit or propel with force 22. drill down: investigate or get to the root of 23. for want of a nail: abbreviation of a proverb illustrating that the lack of an insignificant part can have significant consequences for the whole 24–25. hammer (something) out: argue or negotiate toward an agreement, or play a piano loudly 26. hammer and tongs: with great determination and energy (as in â€Å"going at it hammer and tongs†) 27. hammer away: discuss something excessively or tediously 28. hammer home: press a point 29–30. hammer: a vehicle’s accelerator (noun), or do something with great force or persistence (verb, as in â€Å"I tried to hammer it into his thick skull†) 31. hard as nails: unfeeling or unsympathetic 32–33. has a screw loose/with a loose screw: is eccentric, mentally unbalanced, or strange/has eccentricities or is mentally unbalanced or strange 34. has one’s head screwed on right: is capable or sensible 35. hit the nail on the head: be accurate or right, or explain perceptively 36–37. nail: arrest or identify (or have sex with, but this sense is vulgar) 38. nail (one’s) colors to the mast: express opinion publicly (from the idea of attaching a flag to a ship’s mast to identify one’s national origin) 39. nail (something) down: agree on or accomplish something 40. nail (someone’s) ears back: severely scold someone 41–43. nail (someone)/nail (someone’s) hide to the wall, or nail (someone) to a cross: see â€Å"nail (someone’s) ears back† 44–45. nail (something) down: discover, or make certain or final or win decisively 46–49. nail Jell-O/jelly to a tree/the wall: try something futile (akin to â€Å"herd cats†) 50–51. on the nail: in full (as in â€Å"pay on the nail†), or under discussion (both British English) 52–53. put a wrench/monkey wrench into: disrupt or sabotage (the British English term is spanner) 54. put a nail in the coffin of (something): cause something to end or stop 55. put the hammer down: accelerate a vehicle 56–57. put/tighten the screws on (someone): pressure or threaten someone, or make something more difficult for someone 58. saw away at: move one’s arms as if in a sawing motion 59. saw wood: snore loudly 60. sawed off: short (said of a diminutive person or a shotgun with part of the barrel removed) 61–64. screw: cheat or deceive, or a jailer (also, copulate, or someone to copulate with, but these senses are vulgar) 65–66. screw around/off: waste time or act aimlessly 67–70. screw (someone) around/screw around with (someone): bother or harass (â€Å"screw around with (someone)† also means â€Å"copulate with† or â€Å"be promiscuous,† but these senses are vulgar) 71. screw around with (something): fiddle or play with 72. screw (one’s) courage to the sticking place: have courage or resolution 73. screw (someone) out of: cheat or deceive to deprive someone of something 74–75. screw (one) over: betray, or see â€Å"nail (one’s) ears back† 76. screw the pooch: make a significant mistake (vulgar) 77. screw up: make a mistake 78. screw up (one’s) courage: force (oneself) to be brave 79. screw up (one’s) face: make an unpleasant expression 80. screwed: in trouble 81–82. screwed up: made a mistake (verb phrase), or flawed or ruined (adjective) 83. take a hammering: suffer a severe attack or loss 84. tool: an unlikeable or easily deceived person 85. tool around: drive quickly but aimlessly 86. tools of the trade: whatever is associated with, or required to do, a job 87. tough as nails: determined 88. turn of the screw: an action that worsens a bad situation 89. under the hammer: for sale (alluding to an auctioneer’s hammer) 90. wrench: mechanic Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely?34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better WriterHow to Address Your Elders, Your Doctor, Young Children... and Your CEO